Color Field Painting Essay Example For Students

Shading Field Painting Essay Craftsman, for example, Clifford Still, Mark Roth, Morris Louis, Kenneth Nolan, Helen Fraternally, Leon Borrowing, Frank Stella and Others dispensed with unmistakable symbolism from their canvas and introduced reflection as an end in itself with each painting as one bound together, strong, solid picture. Helen Fraternally is regularly recognized predominantly with her delicate, glowing Mountains and Seas of 1953. The early backtalk was the time of sequential artistic creation. Helen Fraternally was one craftsman who picked not follow basic prerequisite to create and investigate a prevailing mark picture. At the time Fraternally was quested by authorities to sign her works of art on the facade of the image as opposed to the back. They mentioned this to be done so laborer would be increasingly recognizable by the gatherers and their companions. In todays decade Freakishnesss compositions needn't bother with a noticeable mark so as to permit gatherers to recognize her functions as hers. Her blend of style, strategies, and recolored hues has step by step expanded throughout the years. For a long time, when Helen was mostly secret, she demanded painting for enormous scope canvases, despite the fact that there was minimal possibility of selling them in a world which as not yet ready to submit significant uvula space to her specialty (Memories, 2004. 29). The hugeness of the artistic creation is tests the restrictions of how totally workmanship can address people groups feelings and psyche through the eye, much the same as music through the ear, without the need of help to decipher. Painting is a significant part Of American culture. As portrayed by Clement Greenberg painting depicts huge scope canvases ruled by level spreads of shading and having at least surface detail I would depict painting as novel fine arts that communicates ones scholarly capacity to see certain items in their perspective. This work of art topic is shading and extent, which pury affects watchers sensibilities. The idea of Color Field painting was to isolate this kind of work from the previous work of Abstract Expressionism. This implies the craftsmen didn't need the artwork from Color Field to be named Abstract Expressionism. Materials utilized in Color Field painting are unprimed canvases and different supplies, Fraternally embraced Pollocks practice of spilling dispersed shade onto unprimed canvas, yet rather than skeins and tangles, she made liquid lines and breading pools tot pale shading. She intertwined painting and attracting without depending on traditional work of art or drawing marks What I think have discovered about Color Field painting is that since it might look simple doesn't mean it is simple. For instance, my involvement with attempting to reproduce the Mark Roth painting Orange and Tan was testing. Felt that since it looked simple could reproduce it, however proved unable. There were something other than the 2 hues I seen. There was around 3 or 4 distinct hues, excluding the shading varieties and tints. The shading changed from orange, light orange, dim orange, red, light red, dull red, and a little measure of dark. Subsequently, chose not to attempt to reproduce Mark Rotators Orange and Tan artwork. Rather reproduced Helen Fraternally Air Frame, which thought was tad less testing. The circumstance that assist me with understanding Helen Frankfurters work of art a little was the utilization of hues and variety of the shapes present. Shading Field painting is a sort of contemporary craftsmanship. It is likewise is Postmodern. It qualifies as Postmodern in light of the fact that it happened in the backtalk and backtalk. Accept southernism depicts developments which respond against, and emerge from patterns in innovation. Some particular patterns of innovation are medium explicitness, realness, and inventiveness. Postmodern reflection features ways that theoretical work of art references the world (Perry,2005, 20). Postmodernism is to review conventional components of style. It is additionally a response to the most significant otherworldly and philosophical emergencies within recent memory the disappointment of the Enlightenment (Powell,2007, Another Color Field craftsman is Mark Roth. Imprint Roth was a painter that rose up out of the early backtalk. His work is most popular on account of his exact thoughtfulness regarding formal components, for example, shading, shape, balance, profundity, creation, and scale. .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 , .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 .postImageUrl , .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 , .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7:hover , .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7:visited , .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7:active { border:0!important; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7:active , .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73 d352eaa74cb735b7 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud0d23452b7acfe73d352eaa74cb735b7:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Paintings: Quezon City and San Isidro Labrador EssayIn these terms, measure is to shading as scale is to estimate something experiential, an abstract reaction instead of a goal (Infamy, 1998). Shading Piled painting at first alluded to a specific kind of unique expressionism, particularly crafted by Mark Roth, Clifford Still, Barnett Newman, Robert Motherly and Adolph Goodliest. Craftsmanship pundit Clement Greenberg saw Color Field painting as identified with yet not quite the same as Action painting. Shading Field painting looked to free craft Of unnecessary manner of speaking. Specialists like Clifford Still, Mark Roth, Hans Hofmann, Morris Louis, Jules Elitist. Kenneth Nolan, Helen Fraternally, Larry Zoo and others regularly utilized incredibly diminished references to nature. They painted with a profoundly verbalized and mental utilization of shading. When all is said in done these craftsmen disposed of conspicuous symbolism. Certain craftsmen cited references to past or introduce workmanship, yet when all is said in done Color Field painting presents deliberation as an end in itself. In seeking after this bearing of current workmanship, specialists bet to introduce each painting as one bound together, durable, solid picture.

Is Constructivism the Best Philosophy for Education Essay Example For Students

Is Constructivism the Best Philosophy for Education? Article Express the principle star ideas:constructivism might be denned as a learning reasoning whereby the accentuation is put on the student or the understudy as opposed to the educator or the teacher. Clinical improvement educator David Liked fights that the philosophical positions found In constructivism, however hard to apply, are important components in a significant change of instructive practices. The creator utilized different notable specialists to prove his view point. These analysts incorporate Jean Pigged, Level apparitions and Jerome Burner. They have essentially mollified that constructivism Is in fact the best methodology for understudies. They have contrasted the constructivist hypothesis and the conventional instructional models. The specialists called attention to that customary models place accentuation on information transmission without creating further degrees of comprehension and Initialization. Essentially, they accept that understudies ought not resemble wipes simply splashing what the educator has instructed yet they should assume liability for their learning. Understudies ought to have the option to imagine their own answers and evaluate Ideas and theories. Tate the fundamental con Ideas:The creator featured that there are three types of deadness that must be in arrangement on the off chance that constructivism Is to be effective and If these come up short, at that point constructivism fizzles. As far as instructor status, it has been contended that those educators who attempt to Implement the constructivis t strategy In the study hall are hindered by unsupported instructors. There likewise must be exhaustive comprehension of the educational plan. On the off chance that instructors don't have an exhaustive information on the educational plan they won't have a clue about the level which the educational program is generally appropriate for. Instructors ought to have the option to coordinate the childs level of mental improvement to the topic. The general public needs to likewise have the option to adjust to the change. For such an instructional method to be executed it would require the help of guardians and different partners. Express your assessment on the issue:The objective of guidance isn't to guarantee that understudies retain explicit realities, but instead that understudies expand on and Interpret the data introduced to them. The focal point of constructivism is on making intellectual instruments which mirror the world wherein they are utilized just as the encounters of the understudies. A portion of the particular systems used by constructivism incorporate arranging undertakings in certifiable settings, utilization of psychological apprenticeships (demonstrating and training understudy toward master execution), introduction of different points of view (work together figuring out how to create and share perspectives), social exchanges (banter, conversation, proof get-together), utilization of intelligent mindfulness and direction on the utilization of valuable procedures. Educational program ought to be organized for it to have force and make a concession in the lives of understudies and the general public in which they live. Concentrating on profundity on a littler tofu under AT Skills Ana ideas divider lead to more prominent unreasoning Ana maintenance Ana will likewise improve critical thinking and basic reasoning aptitudes. Research in psychological brain science demonstrates that reasoning aptitudes or learning procedures are better learned by understudies when they are inserted in critical thinking units managing complex importance issues, arranged in setting. Educational plan ought to likewise accommodate the individual contrasts of the understudy. In the first place, the educational program should utilize different methods of portrayal, for example, various approaches to show or move information. Next, the educational program ought to permit instructors to give high structure toward the start of the year through signals, proposals, and clarifications and let the understudies take care of issues all alone all through the school ear. This is alluded to as platform. Likewise the educational program should address understudies various insights, as opposed to Just concentrating on the verbal and scientific abilities. At the point when I was an understudy in school, there was predominately one model of instructing, address recitation. Essentially my instructor remained before the class, clarified ideas and aptitudes, allocated seat work, and afterward evaluated our seat work. .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 , .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 .postImageUrl , .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 , .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08:hover , .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08:visited , .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08:active { border:0!important; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08:active , .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08:hover { haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud32188b5dc17 38e0af3b13b966b21c08 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud32188b5dc1738e0af3b13b966b21c08:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Employee Benefits EssayThe educators posed a few inquiries, yet more often than not understudies were relied upon to be inactive audience members or on task laborers. A portion of my educators worked admirably with this sort of guidance, ND clearly a few of us learned from this technique en route. Be that as it may, for quite a while, 180 days per year, after quite a long time after year, the talk recitation strategy got exhausting. A significant number of the brilliant understudies turned out to be progressively exhausted, and the less scholastically slanted understudies basically blocked out intellectually and genuinely at s ome point before they truly dropped out of school. Be that as it may, the talk recitation model is as yet being utilized in schools, however luckily today you will discover more assortment in showing strategies than 20 years prior. On the off chance that you stroll through schools today you are probably going to see instructors actualizing helpful procuring, advance coordinators or mental aides, request based or disclosure learning. In any event, when instructors are utilizing the talk recitation technique they are frequently joining systems from other instructional models and learning hypotheses. I feel that constructivism doesn't get rid of the dynamic job of the homeroom educator or cheapen the skill of the instructor. I feel that constructivism changes the job of the educator, so the instructor helps understudies in developing information as opposed to disgorging a progression of realities. The constructivist instructor gives understudies apparatuses, for example, critical thinking and request based learning exercises where understudies at that point make and test their own thoughts, reach their own determinations and inductions, and afterward pass on their insight in a community setting. Constructivism as I would see it changes the understudy from a uninvolved student to a functioning member in the learning procedure. The learning procedure is just guided by the instructor permitting understudies to build their insight effectively. I accept that the constructivist see helps understudies in turning out to be deep rooted students. Biodegraded Issues , Fifteenth Edition loving Sloesclassing Flews on instructive

Tomorrow When the War Began Essay Year 9

anTomorrow When the War Began by John Marsden Tomorrow when the war started by John Marsden is an epic novel about the battles 7 bungled youngsters face when their old neighborhood has been attacked. A progression of obstructions including love, desire, legislative issues and fellowship is only the beginning of what these youthful grown-ups will be set facing in their excursion to reclaim their family and their homes. Choices will be made and forfeits will be taken uniquely to help manufacture a more grounded and increasingly joined front against their enemy.As, all things considered, early introductions matter. Youngsters come in every single distinctive shape and estimates, and with this gathering there is no distinction. Ellie (the view point in which this novel is written in) is the run of the mill all-round country teenager young lady. She cherishes a touch of girly time with her sweethearts, yet doesn’t mind getting her hands messy getting her folks out with their homest ead. She’s a wise, active, negligible, youthful author who develops principally as the ‘glue’ that holds this odd pack of teenagers together. â€Å"Rack off guys!I’ll never complete this. †(p. 1) Right from the page l, Marsden has astutely given us our cliché thought of a youthful high schooler young lady, utilizing slang words like â€Å"Rack off†¦ †. (1 more statement) Homer then again is a remarkable inverse. Other than the way that he’s male, his underlying acquaintance could be contrasted and a little fellow or monkey. He’s a standard breaker and a tree shaker. He’s not one to overlap under the weights of his friends and wants to satisfy his Greek precursors. Alluded to as wild and over the top, he’s more strength than brains.Winding up young ladies and crushing in windows with his mates takes his extravagant, and rebellion might just be the single word that summarizes this tanned and unpleasant Aussie r ustic. â€Å" Homer was wild and ludicrous. He didn’t care what he did or what anybody thought. Mrs Yannos attempted to cause Homer to eat Brussels grows; they had an enormous contention which finished with Homer throwing the sprouts at his mum. Homer consistently appeared to be in a difficult situation. †(p. 15-16). This concentrate is an incredible case of how Marsden has made the structure work of a youthful and defiant youngster boy.Real educational encounters are sufficient to change an individual both genuinely and intellectually. These are vital moment(s) in a person’s life that cause individuals to pick various ways and choose who they will become from that second on, regardless of whether they know it or not. Ellie’s character is an extraordinary case of this with the progressions to her character as the situations develop during their experience. This well behaved resident experiences numerous trial of rationale, aptitude and fast reasoning. Alb eit a few circumstances may threaten her, they despite everything have a significant impact in her characters development.In the seventh part of this book, Ellie is confronted with her first difficulty of venturing out into hostile area and hurrying to the wellbeing of a tree. â€Å"A single development was the way to finding my soul. There was a tree around four stages away,†¦ I unexpectedly made myself leave the obscurity and go to it†¦. This is it. I’ve done it! It was a move of mental fortitude. At that point I quit being a guiltless provincial young person and began turning out to be somebody else†¦ † (p. 81-82) Marsden has set this significant snapshot of Ellie’s venture up well.His enlightening language and very much idea out discourse truly helps put the peruser into a position where they can think like Ellie has thought and feel the changes Ellie has experienced. She’s arrived at where she had the option to venture out into her new and obscure self, leaving her kid like being behind and run towards her freshly discovered adult self. Toward the start of the novel, Ellie depicts Kevin to act naturally wealth fellow who wants to be correct and very narrow minded. â€Å"He was known for having a major personality and he jumped at the chance to assume the praise for everything†¦ † (p. 4)His convictions and ethics are components of his character that change as an impact of the war. In the last sections of the novel Kevin develops in an anger of adoration and kinship to set himself aside and help his harmed sweetheart. â€Å"Corrie’s my mate and I’m not going to dump her and run. It must be me†¦ on the off chance that you don’t mind I need to do it. †(p. 281) Kevin has made an enormous complexity to his old self and indicated his unwaveringness and love for his accomplice, leaving himself somewhat more open to his feels so open unprotected. Again Marsden has fused the uti lization of adolescent slang into Kevin’s discourse, so to not lose any of its realism.A great fellowship is something that ties gatherings of individuals together, regardless of the circumstance. This group’s fellowship thrives and develops between each individual from the group. Some even become hopelessly enamored. That’s why with regards to settling on intense choices it tends to be considerably harder if you’re close with each other. At numerous a period the gathering winds up in tight spots of life and demise. A case of this would be when Homer settled on the disagreeable choice to request that the gathering split up. A few individuals from the gathering favored rationale and sponsored up Homer. â€Å"So what are you proposing? (p. 75) Kevin stated, yet like in any contention others were against the thought. Homer’s recently discovered initiative made it feasible for him to convince the gathering against companionship and to agree with ratio nale. There was some component of bargain where certain colleagues remained together on account of other passionate reasons yet Homer despite everything got his direction. As the novel advances we see that this choice was a smart thought to take on. Marsden has utilized the possibility of connections between individuals from the gathering to support his primary crowd of young people, yet is as yet a book any age can enjoy.In synopsis, this â€Å"Tomorrow When The War Began† by John Marsden, dives into the passionate and very crude pieces of the adolescent individual. These adolescents are truly stripped to their minimum necessities and are compelled to take on another and progressively advanced point of view and character. A few characters might be admired for their boldness to stand up and roll out an improvement. A responder can truly relate and take on their passionate journey’s which is another motivation behind why this book is so mainstream with its wide crowd.

Measuring the level of Employee Satisfaction - Free Essay Example

Employee Satisfaction is the individual happiness that employees get from the fulfillment of their requirements and needs at work. The gratification of the employee can come from performing the work for which they have been employed for, from being treated fairly by employers or even just by having a friendly working environment and co-workers. Blum and Naylor (1984), viewed employee satisfaction as being the result of various attitudes the employee held towards his job towards related factors and towards life in general. According to research made, (Anon 2006), the term employee satisfaction which is usually associated to being pleasure, comfort and happiness at work, is viewed from a different approach as Fulfillment Satisfaction. According to this article employee satisfaction, redefined as fulfillment satisfaction, is more than the traditional definition of an employee being comfortable with his work but instead is the combination of personal satisfaction of the employee as well as the satisfaction with groups around him, like for example satisfaction with the work, leadership and other relations. DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION: Motivation is a word that from the Latin word Movere, includes many other terms like, desires, wants, wishes, aims, goals, needs, drives, motives and incentives. The motivational cycle consists mainly of needs, drives and incentives whereby needs are produced whenever people have a physiological or psychological imbalance and as a direction to ease the shortage in needs, drives are set up. As a result incentives are there, to ease needs and drives. According to Westwood (1992:288), Motivation is an internal state experienced by the individual, while external factors including other people can also affect a persons motivational state. Motivation is developed within the individual and is unique to that individual. In a motivational state, the individual experiences a desire, intention or pressure to act. IMPORTANCE OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION: One of the main importances for organizations to keep their employees satisfied, is to enhance employee retention and reduce turnover. Retaining employees is important since it saves the organization from high financial cost which may be direct or indirect costs, prevents the organization from losing expertise and saves the organizational image. The cost of turnover, that is the percentage of employees leaving the organization and the cost of re-recruiting and providing training may be escaped if employees are satisfied. Moreover, the survival of certain companies depends highly on the critical skills of its employees, keeping them satisfied is elementary as if these types of employees leave, the time it will take to recruit and train new one, may lead the organization to suffer in the short term. Secondly employees may be more motivated to work if they are being satisfied, as a result the organization may benefit from an increase in productivity where, employees may be more pro ductive, reduce cost of production and the company may set better prices to customers. Moreover satisfied, competent and energized employees would be caring about the quality of the goods and services that they would be producing. Employees will produce and deliver greater value to customer thus leading to increase in customer satisfaction. If customers are satisfied with products or services being offered to them this will enhance their satisfaction and loyalty towards the business. As a result satisfied employees may lead to satisfied customers and opportunities for the organization to expand or to increase sales if customers through indirect advertising, recommend other consumers to turn towards the organization for their purchase. Finally employee satisfaction can also lead employees to be committed, more energetic and also improve their teamworking ability, which will enhance participation and involvement and provide employees with the satisfaction of playing a role in th e work being done and they will also be able to share ideas and learn from their teamworkers. INDICATORS OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION Employees, often relate their satisfaction to characteristics like the work itself, the pay, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers. There are various indicators or criteria to evaluate the satisfaction of an employee, especially in the retail sector. The following criteria are used: Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction, not to be confused with employee satisfaction, can be described as being the result of employees perception of how well their job is providing them with the many things that are important to them and opportunity to do interesting tasks, to learning and accept responsibility. Job satisfaction can be represented as being either an emotional response to a job situation or how well outcomes meet employees set expectations. Herzberg et al (1957) stated that the term job satisfaction is multidimensional and that there can be satisfaction with the specific activities of the job; with the place and working conditions under which the job is performed or with other factors such as economic rewards, security or social prestige (Topolosky 2000, p.14). Extensive research made by Turner and Lawrence (1965), revealed that other factors that can affect employees satisfaction towards its work are; task variety, autonomy, feedback, identity and significance. Pay, Compensation and Benefits Wages and salaries are known to be a significant factor affecting satisfaction of employees not only in the retail sector but mostly in every sector. Money not only helps people to satisfy their basic needs but is also important in satisfying their upper-level needs. Most employees usually think that they are worth more than they get as revenue, as such the result of having a large gap between the amount they had expected and the amount they are getting, can lead to dissatisfaction and turnover. Locke (1969) stated that satisfaction is determined by the simple difference between what the person wants and what he perceives he receives. The more his wants exceed what he receives, the greater his dissatisfaction, (as cited in Lawler, 1994, p.85). Benefits are also important in this sector but not as influential as the monetary value, pay holds. This may be because employees do not really know what and how much they are receiving and the value of these benefits. According to researc h made by Henessey Jr. et al (1992), many studies showed that employees are unaware of the additional amount spent by employers in the contribution of benefits for them, one example may be that of the Hewitt associates (1985, Henessey Jr. et al 1992). Potential types of benefits in the retail sector might be medical insurance, vacation time, sick time and other benefits like part-time work, insurance or retirement benefits. Studies made by Henessey Jr et al (1992) stated that organizations can use benefits as a defensive strategy against competitors and keep their level position from employees point of view. Moreover according to Sutton (1985 and 1986), firms who provide higher level of insurance and retirement benefit have a lower rate of turnover. Relationship with senior management Employees especially in this sector do hold importance to the relationship they have with top management. Employees normally appreciate to be known by their employers, that the latter are aware of their personal work and performance, receive feedback, as these give them a greater sense of belonging to the organization. Since most people in this sector are normally at the lower level, they do not really get a chance to know or to communicate with the higher level, as such they cannot figure out clearly whether they are important to the organization or not and this in certain cases, these do affect their satisfaction. Relationship with immediate superior The relationship with immediate supervisors is one other important factor affecting employee satisfaction. In this field of retailing, there usually exists a middle level which is also referred as the supervisory level and acts as the intermediary level between the employees and senior management. This level is very important as the supervisors are the one who act as leaders to the employees and can greatly affect their daily motivation and satisfaction. One way supervisors can affect employee satisfaction is through being employee focused that is by caring and taking into account the personal interest of the subordinates. This can be in the form like communicating with subordinates on personal basis as well as in an official way, asking about the health of the employee if the latter was ill or giving advice and support to the employee. Another way by which supervisors affect an employees satisfaction is by giving employees the chance to participate or influence in making dec ision about their own jobs. This participation concerning their own work usually is more important for employees, than participating in any other decision making. Relationship with colleagues/co workers Being in a team or a group with friendly, helpful and cooperative co-workers or team members is a humble source of satisfaction to individual employees. Members in a tight group are more likely to be those who will support, give comfort, advice and assistance whenever their team members require. According to David Mc Clelland, an employee who has more friends and less enemies in a working team tend to be accepted by the other members of the group and has a greater sense of belonging and better satisfaction. From recent research it has been stated that, where there is considerable interdependence among members of a group in order to do a job, there will be greater satisfaction and on the other hand if there is no good relations among the members of the group, the satisfaction of the members may be affected. Promotions and Career development There are different types of promotions and different types of rewards attached to them. For example getting the opportunity to climb the ladder and getting a higher position in the organization or having an increase in salary might be satisfying for some people and dissatisfying for others. Since in the recent years, organizations have been cutting down levels in their hierarchy and the accompanying empowerment strategies, employees in the retail tend to be more going for the type of promotion based on their performance, hours of work, overtime rather than being promoted based on experience. THEORETICAL VIEWS OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND MOTIVATION Employee satisfaction and work motivation are often considered to be the same thing. It should be noted that employee satisfaction is very distinctive from motivation, since employee satisfaction is concerned about employees feelings towards their work and motivation is concerned with the behaviors employees tend to have in their work and which can positively or negatively affect their work. Many theories of motivation however are used in explaining behaviors and partly in predicting what can be done to satisfy employees. According to Furnham (1992), employee satisfaction and motivation are often discussed side by side, since it is debatable that the degree to which an employee can be satisfied at work is due to the factors and situations that motivate him. Some of the theories of motivation that are used for this report are namely; Maslow Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg Two-Factor Theory, Equity Theory and Expectancy Theory Maslows Hierarchy of Needs One of the theories that are mostly known is that of Maslows theory hierarchy of needs. Maslow believed that normal people have five types of needs which can be set up in a hierarchical way. These needs are such in a way that those at the most bottom level must be satisfied before the next upper level can be met. Abraham Maslow believed that once a level is satisfied and it no longer motivates, the next higher level of need has to be activated in order for the person to be motivated. Figure Physiological needs found at the lowest part of the hierarchy, are those basic needs such as food, air, water, shelter and clothing that employees want to satisfy first. For employees to get motivated by higher level of needs, the basic needs have to be satisfied. This is possible when employers provide their employees with a salary that enable them to afford reasonable living conditions and meet their physiological needs. After basic needs have been met, safety needs are activated whereby employees will seek safety both emotionally as well as physically. Types of safety that employees will consider to satisfy are, non-threatening, secure, predictable habitable environment. The next upper level after safety needs have been satisfied, are the social needs which refers to individuals need to affiliate with other people, to be liked and accepted by colleagues and co-workers. People need to feel liked and integrated with their fellow friends at work. The fourth level in the hi erarchy is the need for self-esteem whereby employees objective is to acquire respect and agreement of others. At this level, employees ambitions are diverted towards achieving success, prestige and recognition by others who are at the same level. Types of employees expectations that would satisfy them at this level would be receiving awards, prizes etc. At the self-actualization level, employees are at the highest of all their needs. At this level employees seek to self-fulfilled themselves, like working out to their full potential, their creativity and their desire to be one who is capable of doing anything. According to Furnham (1992), there are few jobs that actually have the scope of providing employees the opportunity to self-actualize. Maslow separated the five levels of needs into two order level of needs. Physiological needs and safety needs are considered to be the lower-order needs and the social, self-esteem and self-actualization needs are considered to be of high er-order needs. The difference between the two types of needs is that lower-order needs are needs that can be satisfied by external factors whereas higher-order needs can be satisfied internally, by individuals. Herzberg Two-Factor Theory Herzberg et al (1959) came up with the theory that employees have two types of needs which are the hygiene and motivator needs. Individuals hygiene needs also known as dissatisfiers which resemble Maslows (1954) lower-order needs, are satisfied by external factors which are concerned with the environment of the job whereas the motivator needs also known as satisfiers relate more specifically to the job itself and its consequences. In the retail context, hygiene needs can be for example the salary, the supervision, the relationship with coworkers, benefits, physical working conditions and examples of motivator needs can be employees achievement, career advancement, responsibility or the work itself. According to this theory, if the extrinsic factors that are required by hygiene needs, are favorable, satisfaction is not result but it is rather defined as a reduction or elimination in job dissatisfaction and motivator needs however when are met, can be said to lead to job satisf action. Equity Theory The Equity theory developed by the psychologist J. Stacy Adams (1963), suggests that employees make social comparisons with others on the basis of their outputs and inputs as they perceive they are. The inputs, in the context of employees in the retail sector are referred to the contribution of employees in their work, for example, the hours of work, their effort, their qualifications or ideas they brought in whereas outputs here refer to what workers believe they get out of their job like, pay, benefits or recognition. This theory argues that employees will give good performance and get satisfaction where there will be equity in the ratio of their outputs and their inputs when compared to other employees ratio. According to research made by Chui (2000, cited Isen and Baron 1991), employees who supposed they were not being treated equitably as others, would normally express discontentment, frustration and anger. Expectancy Theory The expectancy theory from Vrooms is based on the three types of beliefs that employees have; namely, expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy is the belief that ones effort will give performance as result; instrumentality is the belief that the performance obtained will be rewarded and valence is the value that employees perceive, the rewards have. It is considered that motivation is based on the multiplication of all of the three components; that is for example if performance and reward is high but the value of reward is low, this will result in low motivation. Thus for motivation to be high, expectancy, instrumentality and valence should be high. Porter and Lawler expanded the expectancy theory by setting up a model. Porter and Lawler model explained that the level of motivation of employees is not equal to their job performance but is rather another determinant that affects job performance. Figure According to this model, performance is a result of the combination of effort, clarity of what is expected and the skill required to do the job. The first expectancy in this model is that if an employee has the right perception of what needs to be done, has the skills, has the physical and mental abilities required and is enough motivated to exert the effort required, a good job performance can be expected. The second expectancy here is that, given the job have been successfully accomplished rewards will follow. These rewards may be intrinsic such as job satisfaction or extrinsic like pay or recognition. However whether job performance will lead to intrinsic rewards depend on the job, whereas the relationship between extrinsic rewards and satisfaction will depend on the individual perceived equity. RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION In the retail sector, service quality is gaining high importance and more and more organizations are concentrating on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty while less attention is given to employee satisfaction and commitment for employees that are directly connected to customer services, however it should be considered that according to studies made in the field of services, it has been shown that service quality is closely related to employee satisfaction (Cronin and Taylor, 1992; Oliver, 1993; Babakus et al., 2004). Providing service of quality is considered to be a key strategy for success of companies in todays competitive environment (Parasuraman et al. 1985). According to Gronroos (1998), Service quality is usually defined as being the gap between the quality of service delivered by the organization and the expected service performance by employees. As per Zeithaml et al (1990), employee satisfaction is an imperative factor in determining service quality. Eskildse n et al (2000) stated that various studies showed that satisfied employees are greatly motivated, have a better morale while doing their work and eventually perform more effectively and efficiently. According to research made by Reicher and Sasser (1990), it is stated that the greater the level of employee satisfaction, the greater the probability of getting customer satisfaction and the ability to withhold them.

Cultural Artifacts and How They Affect Women and Men’s Body Image - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1137 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? A culture can be described as a certain way of thinking, judging, feeling and acting over a period of time becoming part and parcel of a people or a society. A certain culture can be classified as a family one, organizational culture, traditional culture, popular culture and many others (Narayan 177). For instance, since the 1980s, blue-chip companies and mega corporations have entrenched a certain code of conduct or performance amongst their circles. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cultural Artifacts and How They Affect Women and Men’s Body Image" essay for you Create order Management consultants and theorists have popularized and described such institutions with their distinct languages, dress code, appearances, norms, and laws. These cultures or norms shape and govern the individuals working there and those aspiring to end in the same careers (Shields 19). In the same way, the popular culture has entrenched its own kind of norms, laws, beliefs, traditions amongst others which dictate anyone indulging in it to toe a certain line. In this light, this paper will be seeking to unearth certain cultural artifacts in the popular culture that are dictating the growth or advancement of both women and men’s body image. The popular culture entails current events and trends in the society, such as technology, nutrition, entertainment, media, lifestyles, etc. The artifacts, in particular, to be discussed in this paper includes will include a patriarchy society and its effects on how women view beauty. The other artifact will be the media and its current glo rification of masculinity which tends to affect how men nowadays think of their images too. The two artifacts have caused widespread and long-term norms and behaviors regarding the physical looks of both men and women in our contemporary society. The paper will go ahead and indulge scientific materials and expert resources previously touching on these artifacts, and then draw a conclusion or a summary of the discussion presented henceforth. The female body has for long been a center of attention and a cultural artifact since the time immemorial. Since the dawn of civilization, many symbols, sculptures and certain beliefs using the female body have sprung up. For instance, the sign of fertility during the early ages was a woman figure or sign. Today still, the female body still draws such admiration and a talking point. This is mainly because of how patriarchy has lingered up to date, and the society has almost given up on trying to reduce or eradicate the male dominion over the human race. Our societies and governments are still heavily infested with mean and arrogant males who have successfully been able to exclude a huge percentage of women from positive contribution to the wellbeing of our society or progressive leadership (Shields 37). The practice is commonest in the developing and middle-income economies where women have been relegated to housewife duties, reproduction and upbringing of children. That means that m en have crafted rules and policies, traditions and customs that give them an edge over women in almost all aspects of life. And in the context of this paper, the paper will pay greater emphasis on the effects of a male dominated society on how women view their bodies and beauty in general. As earlier noted, the male leadership has swiftly set up a perception of what a beautiful woman looks like or what she has to have to be considered pretty or appealing. The western world pop culture has and continues to glorify very slim and lean women as beautiful and the opposite to be ugly (Helman 152). This tradition is witnessed by more and more women and girls desperately striving to lose weight to look like certain celebrities. The brainwashing of the female species on their body weights and figures has been orchestrated by the popular media such as talk shows, fashion magazines, fancy entertainment joints hiring anorexic ladies as waiters or entertainers amongst others (Narayan 234). Over a period of time, the girl child starts seeing slim as the sexy and attractive and thus get into a situation of self-hate and low esteem amongst peers. Researchers from the Harvard University showed that girls as young as nine years in America experience self-esteem issue on their weight, owing to what they see around or hear from the media, bullying in school against the ladies with a considerable body weight is common amongst the teens (Helman 112). The experts recorded scenarios of girls that young starting to â€Å"diet† so as to lose weight and look like their â€Å"attractiveâ₠¬  slim peers or their supposed role models who are always sportspersons, fashion designers, musicians, politicians amongst others. This is a wrong perception that is most likely corrupt our children and women in their blind pursuit to become beautiful. Research has linked serious disease conditions such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa to eating disorders. Previously, it used to be believed that women only were the ones harboring insecurities over the looks of their bodies, but not anymore. Experts have shown that currently, about 25 percent of men nowadays suffer some forms of uncertainties how they look or their beauty (Narayan 219). This tendency can be partly explained by the increased media campaigns advertising some kind of body looks which are slowly sinking into the minds of many men. For instance, many fashion magazines feature men with stunning, flawless looks; with great hair, abs, dental formulae, posture, among other attributes. In general, what these adverts on Televisions and fancy music tells us is that women and girls love masculine men, and thus those without are more â€Å"women† or girlish than men. The entire society has also fallen victim to this analogy, always reading contempt on those men without enough muscles or energy like a stallion. This is witnessed mostly when less muscled boys or men are seen or thought as homosexuals by the society (Shields 43). The cloth line DG has an advertisement which portrays three men with great biceps and abs surrounded by women, with a caption going like, â€Å"One must try them out and see how sexy they will make you feel.† This promotion not only makes men believe that they will look like the ones in the advert itself but gives the potential customer an ill perception of an attractive man. Experts notes that most of these models do not look as exactly as they are made to look on the pictures, since most of the images are edited afterwards and gives virtual attributes non-existent to the common man so as to have the â€Å"wow† factor and convince the potential clients that the clothing will delete their shortcomings and look as attractive as those in the media. The same strategy is used by liquor advertising companies which show men in expensive suits, cars, watches, accessories and posh surroundings mostly in the company of submiss ive women yearning for the man. This behavior as seen many men with body image uncertainties to buy unnecessary materials and lifestyles to try and cover their shortcomings (Helman 152).

Swot - Pepsi and Coca Cola - 1142 Words

Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is a United States federal law enacted on 30th July 2002, also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 and commonly called SOX or Sarbox. This law was passed in response to a number of major corporate and accounting scandals including those affecting Enron, Tyco International, Adelphia, Peregrine Systems and WorldCom. These scandals, which cost investors billions of dollars when the share prices of the affected companies collapsed, shook public confidence in the nation s securities markets. Named after the sponsors Senator Paul Sarbanes of the Democratic party of Maryland and Representative Michael G. Oxley of the Republican party of†¦show more content†¦Given that the professional costs and managerial time varies little with company size, small and mid-sized companies must allocate a higher percentage of revenue to SOX compliance (Morgenstern and Nealis, 2004). Many of these firms have considered such measures as reverse stock splits to shrink the company to a size below that required to meet SOX’s strictest requirements, or have considered delisting the company. According to Wharton School study, most companies de-listed their shares in an attempt to avoid the high costs of complying with the SOX Act, with some smaller companies listing costs of as high as $500,000 to comply. Some companies, however, de-listed to avoid outside monitoring and scrutiny, leading the study’s authors to suspect that firms were not being managed in the most efficient way or that their compensation was excessive. The study found that some of the firms with â€Å"higher free cash flow and lower-quality accounting† were more likely to â€Å"go dark† – to deregister from the SEC and become private firms (AP, 2004). Independence of board members may also place hardships on smaller companies. Many publicly listed small companies have few board members, and the chief financial officer may act in the capacity of other positions. Smaller firms may not have the resources necessary to recruit qualified individuals to meet independence requirements .Show MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Coca Cola And Pepsi Co Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pages SWOT Analysis â€Å"Coca-Cola brands are available to consumers throughout the world. Today they account for 1.7 billion servings of all beverages consumed worldwide daily. Coca-Cola has the edge in the market and because they are first to capitalize on new consumer trends. They continue to focus on continuous operating improvements, and they are ever changing to meet market demands. Pepsi Co satisfies the needs of its customers with the wide variety of products offered. 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Family Planning Essay Sample free essay sample

Combined unwritten preventives. Introduced in 1960. â€Å"the Pill† has played an instrumental function in household planning for decennaries. Family planning is the planning of when to hold kids. [ 1 ] and the usage of birth control [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and other techniques to implement such programs. Other techniques normally used include gender instruction. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] bar and direction of sexually transmitted infections. [ 3 ] pre-conception reding [ 3 ] and direction. and infertility direction. [ 2 ] Family planning is taking the figure of kids in a household and the length of clip between their births. [ 5 ] Family planning is sometimes used as a equivalent word for the usage of birth control. nevertheless. it frequently includes a broad assortment of methods. and patterns that are non birth control. It is most normally applied to a female-male twosome who wish to restrict the figure of kids they have and/or to command the timing of gestation ( besides known as spacing kids ) . F amily be aftering may embrace sterilisation. every bit good as abortion. [ 6 ] Family planning services are defined as â€Å"educational. comprehensive medical or societal activities which enable persons. including bush leagues. to find freely the figure and spacing of their kids and to choose the agencies by which this may be achieved. † [ 4 ] Purposes Raising a kid requires important sums of resources: clip. [ 7 ] societal. fiscal. [ 8 ] and environmental. Planing can assist guarantee that resources are available. The intent of household planning is to do certain that any twosome. adult male. or adult female who has the desire to hold a kid has the resources that are needed in order to finish this end. [ 9 ] [ doubtful – discuss ] With these resources a twosome. adult male or adult females can research the options of natural birth. surrogacy. unreal insemination or acceptance. In the other instance. if the individual does non wish to hold a kid at the specific clip. they can look into the resources that are needed to forestall gestation. such as birth control. preventives. or physical protection and bar. Health Waiting until the female parent is at least 18 old ages old earlier seeking to hold kids improves maternal and child wellness. [ 10 ] Besides. if extra kids are desired after a kid is born. it is healthier for the female parent and the kid to wait at least 2 old ages after the old birth before trying to gestate ( but non more than 5 old ages ) . [ 10 ] After a abortion or abortion. it is healthier to wait at least 6 months. [ 10 ] When be aftering a household adult females who are over the age of 35 should be cognizant of the hazards of holding a kid at that age. Older adult females are at a higher hazard of holding a kid with autism and down syndrome. the opportunities of holding multiple births additions. which cause farther late-pregnancy hazards. they have an increased opportunity of developing gestational diabetes. the demand for a Caesarian-section is greater. older women’s organic structures are non as well-suited for presenting a babe. The hazard of drawn-out labour is higher. Older female parents have a higher hazard of a long labour. seting the babe in hurt. [ 11 ] â€Å"Family be aftering benefits the wellness and wellbeing of adult females and households throughout the universe. Using contraceptive method can assist to avoid unwanted gestations and infinite births ; protect against STDs. including HIV/AIDS ; and supply other wellness benefits. † [ 12 ] Modern methodsModern methods of household be aftering include birth control. assisted generative engineering and household planning plans. In instances were twosomes may non desire to hold kids merely yet and program with clip household planning plans help a batch. Federal household planning plans reduced childbearing among hapless adult females by every bit much as 29 per centum. harmonizing to a University of Michigan survey. [ 13 ] Adoption sometimes used to construct a household. There are seven stairss that one must do towards acceptance. You must make up ones mind to prosecute an acceptance. use to follow. finish an acceptance place survey. acquire approved to follow. be matched with a kid. have an adoptive arrangement. and so legalise the acceptance. [ 14 ] Birth control Birth control are techniques used to forestall unwanted gestation. There are a scope of prophylactic methods. each with alone advantages and disadvantages. Any of the widely recognized methods of birth control is much more effectual than no method. Behavioral methods that include intercourse. such as backdown and calendar based methods have little up front cost and are readily available. but are much less effectual in typical usage than most other methods. Long-acting reversible prophylactic methods. such as IUD and implant are extremely effectual and convenient. necessitating small user action. When cost of failure is included. IUDs and vasectomy are much less dearly-won than other methods. In add-on to supplying birth control. male or female rubbers protect against sexually transmitted diseases ( STD ) . Condoms may be used entirely. or in add-on to other methods. as backup or to forestall STD. Surgical methods ( tubal ligation. vasectomy ) provide long term contraceptive method for those who have completed their households. [ 15 ] Assisted genera tive engineering Some households use modern medical progresss in household planning. For illustration in surrogacy interventions a adult female agrees to go pregnant and present a kid for another twosome or individual. There are two types of surrogacy: traditional and gestational. Traditional Surrogacy is where the Surrogate uses her ain eggs AND carries the kid for her Intended Parents. This process is done in a doctor’s office through IUI. This type of surrogacy evidently includes a familial connexion between the alternate and the kid. Legally talking. the Surrogate will hold to disclaim any involvement in the kid to finish the transportation to the Intended Parents. A gestational surrogacy occurs when the Intended Mother’s or a donor egg is fertilized outside the organic structure and so the embryos are transferred into the womb. The adult female who carries the kid is frequently referred to as a Gestational Carrier. The legal stairss to corroborate parenthood with the Intended Parents are by and large easier than in a traditional because there is no familial connexion between kid and Carrier. [ 16 ] In sperm contributions. gestations are normally achieved utilizing donated sperm by unreal insemination ( either by intracervical insemination or intrauterine insemination ) and less normally by invitro fertilisation ( IVF ) . normally known in this context as Assisted generative engineering ( ART ) . but insemination may besides be achieved by a giver holding sexual intercourse with a adult female for the exclusive intent of originating construct. This method is known as natural insemination ( NI ) . Function of a woman’s ovarian modesty. follicular kineticss and associated biomarkers can give an single forecast about future opportunities of gestation. easing an informed pick of when to hold kids. [ 17 ] Fundss Family planning is among the most cost-efficient of all wellness intercessions. [ 18 ] â€Å"The cost nest eggs stem from a decrease in unintended gestation. every bit good as a decrease in transmittal of sexually transmitted infections. including HIV. † [ 18 ] Childbirth and antenatal wellness attention cost averaged $ 7. 090 for normal bringing in the US in 1996. [ 19 ] US Department of Agriculture estimates that for a kid born in 2007. a US household will pass an norm of $ 11. 000 to $ 23. 000 per twelvemonth for the first 17 old ages of child’s life. [ 7 ] ( Entire rising prices adjusted estimated outgo: $ 196. 000 to $ 393. 000. depending on household income. ) [ 7 ] Policy A household be aftering installation in Kuala Terengganu. Malaysia. See besides: International Planned Parenthood Federation. Marie Stopes International. and United States Agency for International Development The world’s largest international beginning of support for population and generative wellness plans is the United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA ) . The chief ends of the International Conference on Population and Development Program of Action are: †¢Universal entree to reproductive wellness services by 2015 †¢Universal primary instruction and shuting the gender spread in instruction by 2015 †¢Reducing maternal mortality by 75 % by 2015 †¢Reducing infant mortality†¢Increasing life anticipation†¢Reducing HIV infection rates in individuals aged 15–24 old ages by 25 % in the most-affected states by 2005. and by 25 % globally by 2010 The World Health Organization ( WHO ) and World Bank estimation that $ 3. 00 per individual per twelvemonth would supply basic household planning. maternal and neonatal wellness attention to adult females in developing states. This would include contraceptive method. prenatal. bringing and post-natal attention in add-on to postpartum household planning and the publicity of rubbers to forestall sexually familial infections. [ 20 ] China China’s one-child policy forces twosomes to hold no more than one kid. Get downing in 1979. [ 21 ] the policy was instated to command the rapid population growing that was happening in the state at that clip. With the rapid alteration in population. China was confronting many impacts of the rapid population growing including poorness and homelessness. As a developing state. the Chinese authorities was concerned that a continuance of the rapid population growing that had been happening would impede their development as a state. The procedure of household planning varied throughout China. as many different people differed in their reactivity to the one kid policy. based on location and socioeconomic position. For illustration. many households in the metropoliss accepted this policy more readily based on the deficiency of infinite. money. and resources that are frequently offered in the metropoliss. However. the people in rural countries of China were more hesitating in accepting this policy. Since the policy was put into topographic point in 1979. over 400 million births have been prevented in China. [ 22 ] China’s population policy has been credited with a really important deceleration of China’s population growing which had been higher before the policy was implemented. However. it has come under unfavorable judgment that the policy has resulted in the maltreatment of adult females in China. Oftentimes execution of the policy has involved forced abortions and forced sterilisation. However. while the penalty of â€Å"unplanned† gestation is a big mulct. both forced abortion and forced sterilisation can be charged with knowing assault. which is punished with up to 10 years’ imprisonment. Another facet of household planning in China due to the one-child policy is the distinction between the desire for male and female kids in both urban and rural locations. In the Chinese civilization. the desire for a male kid is much harder. doing the forsaking or abortion of female babies or foetuss common in the rural countries of the state. [ 22 ] Another issue that is rai sed in the one-child policy in China is the information in respects to of course giving birth to twins or threes. If this state of affairs arises. the household is allowed to maintain the kids because of the natural causes of this impregnation. Hong KongIn Hong Kong. the Eugenics League was found in 1936. which became The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong in 1950. [ 23 ] The administration provides household planning advice. sex instruction. birth control services to the general populace of Hong Kong. In the seventiess. due to the quickly lifting population. it launched the â€Å"Two Is Enough† run. [ 23 ] which reduced the general birth rate through educational agencies. The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s national household be aftering association. [ 24 ] founded the International Planned Parenthood Federation with its opposite numbers in seven other states. [ 24 ] The sale of preventives was illegal in Ireland from 1935 until 1980. when it was legalized with strong limitations. subsequently loosened. It has been argued that the ensuing demographic dividend played a function in the economic roar in Ireland that began in the 1990s and ended suddenly in 2008 ( the Celtic tiger ) wa s in portion due to the legalization of contraceptive method in 1979 and subsequent diminution in the birthrate rate. [ 25 ] In Ireland the ratio of workers to dependants improved [ elucidation needed ] due to take down birthrate — the world of which has been questioned [ 26 ] — but was raised farther by increased female labour market engagement. [ commendation needed ] Pakistan In understanding with the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo. Pakistan pledged that by 2010 it would supply cosmopolitan entree to household planning. Additionally. Pakistan’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper has set specific national ends for additions in household planning and preventive usage. [ 27 ] In 2011 merely one in five Pakistani adult females ages 15 to 49 utilizations modern birth control. [ 28 ] Contraception is shunned under traditional societal mores that are ferociously defended as fundamentalist Islam additions strength. [ 28 ] Russia Harmonizing to a 2004 survey. current gestations were termed â€Å"desired and timely† by 58 % of respondents. while 23 % described them as â€Å"desired. but untimely† . and 19 % said they were â€Å"undesired† . As of 2004. the portion of adult females of generative age utilizing hormonal or intrauterine birth control methods was approximately 46 % ( 29 % intrauterine. 17 % hormonal ) . [ 29 ] During the Soviet epoch high quality preventives were hard to obtain. and abortion became the most common manner of forestalling unwanted births. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union abortion rates have fallen well. but they are still higher than rates in many developed states. PhilippinesGenerative Health Bill United KingdomContraception has been available for free under the National Health Service since 1974. and 74 % of generative age adult females use some signifier of contraceptive method. [ 30 ] The levonorgestrel intrauterine system has been massively popular. [ 30 ] Sterilization is popular in older age groups. among those 45–49. 29 % of work forces and 21 % of adult females have been sterilized. [ 30 ] Female sterilisation has been worsening since 1996. when the intrauterine system was introduced. [ 30 ] Emergency contraceptive method has been available since the 1970s. a merchandise was specifically licensed for exigency contraceptive method in 1984. and exigency preventives became available over the counter in 2001. [ 30 ] Since going available over the counter it has non reduced the usage of other signifiers of contraceptive method. as some moralists feared it might. [ 30 ] In any twelvemonth merely 5 % of adult females of childbearing age usage exigency hormonal contrace ptive method. [ 30 ] Despite widespread handiness of preventives. about half of gestations were unintended circa 2005. [ 30 ] Abortion was legalized in 1967. [ 30 ] United States Birth control in the United StatesDespite the handiness of extremely effectual preventives. about half of US gestations are unintended. [ 31 ] Highly effectual preventives. such as IUD are underused in the United States. [ 32 ] Increasing usage of extremely effectual preventives could assist run into the end set frontward in Healthy People 2020 to diminish unintended gestation by 10 % . [ 32 ] Cost to the user is one factor forestalling many US adult females from utilizing more effectual preventives. [ 32 ] Making preventives available without a copay increases usage of extremely effectual methods. reduces unintended gestations. and may be instrumental in accomplishing the Healthy People 2020 end. [ 32 ] In the United States. prophylactic usage saves about $ 19 billion in direct medical costs each twelvemonth. [ 31 ] Title X of the Public Health Service Act. [ 33 ] is a US authorities plan dedicated to supplying household planning services for those in demand. But funding for Title X as a per centum of entire public support to household be aftering client services has steadily declined from 44 % of entire outgos in 1980 to 12 % in 2006. Medicaid has increased from 20 % to 71 % in the same clip. In 2006. Medicaid contributed $ 1. 3 billion to public household planning. [ 34 ] The 1. 9 billion spent on publically funded household planning in 2008 saved an estimated $ 7 billion in short term Medicaid costs. [ 32 ] Such services helped adult females forestall an estimated 1. 94 million unintended gestations and 810. 000 abortions. [ 32 ] More than 1 out of 3 adult females in the U. S. have an abortion by the clip they are 45 old ages old. [ 35 ] World Contraception Day The 26th of September is World Contraception Day. devoted to raising consciousness of contraceptive method and bettering instruction about sexual and generative wellness. with a vision of a universe where every gestation is wanted. [ 36 ] It is supported by a group of international NGOs. including Asiatic Pacific Council on Contraception. Centro Latinamericano Salud y Mujer. European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health. German Foundation for World Population. International Federation of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. International Planned Parenthood Federation. Marie Stopes International. Population Services International. The Population Council. The United States Agency for International Development ( USAID ) . Women Deliver. [ 36 ] Mentions 1. ^ â€Å"Mission Statement† . US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Office of Population Affairs. 2. ^ a b Family planning — WHO3. ^ a B degree Celsius vitamin D What services do household planning clinics supply? — Health Questions — NHS Direct 4. ^ a B US Dept. of Health. Administration for kids and households 5. ^ WHO 6. ^ See. e. g. . Mischell DR. â€Å"Family planning: contraceptive method. sterilisation. and gestation expiration. † In: Katz VL. Lentz GM. Lobo RA. Gershenson DM. explosive detection systems. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th erectile dysfunction. Philadelphia. Pa: Mosby Elsevier ; 2007: fellow 14. 7. ^ a B degree Celsius â€Å"Expenditures on Children by Families. 2007 ; Miscellaneous Publication Number 1528-2007† . United States Department of Agriculture. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. 8. ^ MsMoney. com — Marriage. Kids A ; College — Family Planning 9. ^ â€Å"Office of Family Planning† . California Department of Public Health. 10. ^ a B degree Celsius â€Å"Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy: HTSP Messages† . USAID. Retrieved 2008-05-13. 11. ^ â€Å"Risks of Bing an Older Mom† . Silvers. Langsam A ; Weitzman. P. C. . Retrieved 21 April 2012. 12. ^ Reproline Family Planning 13. ^ â€Å"Family planning: Federal plan reduced births to hapless adult females by about 30 percent† . Retrieved 2012-03-19. 14. ^ â€Å"How to Adopt† . Adoption Exchange Association. Retrieved 21 April 2012. 15. ^ â€Å"Birth control methods fact sheet† . Retrieved 21 April 2012. 16. ^ â€Å"What is a Surrogate Mother or Gestational Carrier? † . Retrieved 21 April 2012. 17. ^ Nelson. S. M. ; Telfer. E. E. ; Anderson. R. A. ( 2012 ) . â€Å"The ageing ovary and uterus: New biological insights† . Human Reproduction Update 19 ( 1 ) : 67–83. doi:10. 1093/humupd/dms043. PMC 3508627. PMID 23103636. edit 18. ^ a B Tsui AO. McDonald-Mosley R. Burke AE ( April 2010 ) . â€Å"Family be aftering and the load of unintended pregnancies† . Epidemiol Rev 32 ( 1 ) : 152–74. doi:10. 1093/epirev/mxq012. PMC 3115338. PMID 20570955. 19. ^ Mushinski. M. ( 1998 ) . â€Å"Average charges for unsophisticated vaginal. caesarean delivery and VBAC bri ngings: Regional fluctuations. United States. 1996† . Statistical Bulletin 79 ( 3 ) : 17–28. PMID 9691358. 20. ^ â€Å"Promises to Keep: The Toll of Unintended Pregnancies on Women’s Lives in the Developing World† . Retrieved 2009-02-03. 21. ^ Kane. Penny. â€Å"China’s one kid household policy† . 22. ^ a B FlorCruz. Jaime ( 27 September 2010 ) . â€Å"China headers with promise and hazards of one kid policy† . CNN. Retrieved 20 March 2012. 23. ^ a b History of the Family Planning Association of Hong Kong 24. ^ a b History of International Planned Parenthood Federation 25. ^ Bloom. David E. ; Canning. David ( 2003 ) . â€Å"Contraception and the Celtic Tiger† ( PDF ) . Economic and Social Review 34: 229–247. 26. ^ ESRI says birthrate rate is greatly underestimated 27. ^ Hardee. Karen ; Leahy. Elizabeth ( 2007 ) . â€Å"Population. Fertility and Family Planning in Pakistan: A Program in Stagnation† . Population Action International 4 ( 1 ) : 1–12. 28. ^ a B Brulliard. Karin ( 15 December 2011 ) . â€Å"As Pakistan’s population zooms. preventives remain a difficult sell† . The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 April 2012. 29. ^ National Human Development Report Russian Federation 2008. UNDP. pages 47–49. Retrieved on 10 October 2009 30. ^ a B degree Celsius vitamin D vitamin E f g H one Rowlands S ( October 2007 ) . â€Å"Contraception and abortion† . J R Soc Med 100 ( 10 ) : 465–8. doi:10. 1258/jrsm. 100. 10. 465. PMC 1997258. PMID 17911129. 31. ^ a B James Trussell. Anjana Lalla. Quan Doan. Eileen Reyes. Lionel Pinto. Joseph Gricar ( 2009 ) . â€Å"Cost effectivity ofpreventives in the United States† . Contraception 79 ( 1 ) : 5–14. doi:10. 1016/j. contraceptive method. 2008. 08. 003. PMID 19041435. 32. ^ a B degree Celsius vitamin D vitamin E f Cleland K. Peipert JF. Westhoff C. Spear S. Trussell J ( May 2011 ) . â€Å"Family be aftering as a cost-saving preventative wellness service† . N. Engl. J. Med. 364 ( 18 ) : e37. doi:10. 1056/NEJMp1104373. PMID 21506736. 33. ^ US Office of Population Affairs — Legislation 34. ^ Sonfield A. Alrich C. Gold RB ( 2008 ) ( PDF ) . Public support for household planning. sterilisation and abortion services. FY 1980–2006. Occasional Report. 38. New York: Guttmacher Institute. 35. ^ â€Å"Abortion† . Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. . Retrieved 21 April 2012. 36. ^ a B â€Å"World Contraception Day† . External links†¢Siedlecky. Stefania ; Wyndham. Diana ( 1990 ) . Populate and perish: Australian women’s battle for birth control. Allen A ; Unwin. ISBN 978-0-04-442220-4 [ 1 ] †¢The Environmental Politics of Population and Overpopulation A University of California. Berkeley sum-up of historical. modern-day and environmental concerns affecting women’s wellness. population. and household planning †¢A World excessively Full of Peoples by Mary Fitzgerald. NewStatesman. August 30. 2010 †¢Reproline-Family Planning JHPIEGO affiliate of Johns Hopkins University

Memory by analogy Hiroshima mon amour

Introduction The purpose of this report is to critically review the article, â€Å"Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour† by Nancy Wood. The article revolves around the memorable events that took place in Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a result of the atomic bombing.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Article critique The article is influential in that it uses images to revisit the traumatic events of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As the author has rightly noted, the use of a love affair makes the film captivating (Wood 185). It is quite painful to recall the events that took place in Japan during the Second World War in the aftermath of the atomic bombing of the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This trauma is inscribed in Elle’s memory which shows the pain and the destruction that took place. This has been supported by Kedward and Wood (3 09) who added that the analogies have been drawn between collective commemoration and personal memories of the atomic bombing. The article has also celebrated the issue of love. Wood (185) notes that people misjudged Elle’s love affair. They thought that she betrayed both, her town and her nation, because of falling in love with a German soldier (Madella 3). The author pairs the horror and traumatic events with a love story, thereby making the analogy both disturbing and surprising (Lammarre 1). The theme of memory (Madella 2) as elaborated by Saito (353) is used to portray collective identity. Historical circumstances are reconstructed through collective memories which assist in defining people’s collective identity. Although collective memory can be painful, it is useful in the sense that it assists us in conceptualizing history (Saito 353). Wood (191) notes that although people may fail to notice the importance of women like Elle, her memories help reveal the truth about what befell Japan and her as well (Walden 5). The author gives a view of the processes people undergo after an incident as they try to forget the past. It also shows the importance of letting go of the past even under circumstances whereby it is very hard to forget past memories. The major weakness of the article is that the author repeatedly makes the traumatic events more dreadful as it is painted all over the article. The major strength of the article is that the writer attributes the bombing as the reason why the Second World War ended (Woods 187; Hogan 1). The prose and the explanation of the bombing is useful as it captures the reader’s attention, thereby encouraging him/her to continue reading in order to know the truth.Advertising Looking for report on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In my personal opinion, the article is well written, precise and elaborate. In addition, it gives an overview of the traumatic experiences and sad memories of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The capture of the past events and converting them into a speech or analogy is also captivating. Nonetheless, the film analogy generates a bit of unease, especially on the atomic annihilation that took place at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Overall, I feel that the author’s analyses and critic on the film touches on all the different dimensions that need to be reviewed. Conclusion The article is easy to read and informative. In addition, the author has also tried her best to analyze the film, thereby depicting how the events took place. Works Cited Hogan, Michael J. Hiroshima in History and Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996. Print. Kedward, H R, and Nancy Wood. The Liberation of France: Image and Event. Oxford: Berg, 1995. Print. Lamarre, Thomas. â€Å"Trauma by Analogy. canlit.ca.† Canadian Literature, 8 Dec. 2011. Web. Madella, Alessandra. â€Å"The Woman Condition: Love a nd Technology In Hiroshima Mon Amour. PDF files. 21 Nov. 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=2629context=etd.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Saito, Hiro. â€Å"Reiterated Commemoration: Hiroshima as National Trauma.† Sociological Theory 24.4 (2006): 353-3376. Print. Walden, Jenny. Hiroshima Mon Amour inscription on the body and the promise of justice. University of Portsmouth UK. 2010. Wood, Nancy. Vectors of Memory. Oxford: Berg, 1999. Print. This report on Memory by analogy: Hiroshima mon amour was written and submitted by user Vera Payne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Governor Andrew Curtin essays

Governor Andrew Curtin essays The American Civil War probably receives more notoriety than any other war in American history. Though most people have come to understand the War to be a Union victory over the institution of slavery and the Slave Power, the credit for this accomplishment is mostly given to Abraham Lincoln or the abolitionists. The unsung heroes of the Civil War are the War Governors, the most prominent of them being Andrew Curtin of Pennsylvania. Curtin's contributions to the war are significant because they helped develop a loyal and nationalistic culture in the state of Pennsylvania that would be displayed throughout the duration of the War. Furthermore Curtin had a strong relationship with President Abraham Lincoln. Curtin used this relationship to keep ties with the Union strong throughout his state. Further contributions of Curtin's include the establishment of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps and also a conference with the Loyal Governors Known as the Altoona Conference in which Curtin would he lp coral more Union support against the rebels. Although Andrew Curtin did not fight in any particular battles, his contributions to the war effort transcend the battlefield as he was able to develop a patriotic spirit in his state of Pennsylvania which aided the war effort. The year of 1860 witnessed the greatest political revolution of our national history. At this point several changes had occurred in the market place and gave way to a new political culture. For a generation before, indeed from the passage of the Missouri Compromise in 1820, the constant agitation of the slavery question was gradually forcing profound convictions on the minds of thoughtful and earnest men, and while most of them retained their old party associations until 1856, the growth of the anti-slavery sentiment was steady, rapid and aggressive. These feelings toward the peculiar institution led to the emergence of the Republican Party in the mid-1850's. By 1860, the Republicans...

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Case study - Essay Example Finally, as analyzers, Coke continue to undertake research and scan the environment for changes in demands and customers’ needs and preferences. Porter’s framework uses the five forces: rivalry, supplier power, buyer power, threat of substitutes and threat of new entrants. Coke’s success in surpassing the performance of its competitors has been due to their continued commitment to review these five forces and determine strategies would effectively address defined threats and risks and tap existing opportunities. innovative and competitive strategies, and responding to the needs of the clientele have contributed to their leadership in a global scale. By consistently delivering high quality and affordable products, coupled with effective strategies for promotions, place, and price, Coke has sustained market profitability and assumed competitive advantage over its competitors. The most appropriate competitive strategy that would allow an organization to develop a sustainable competitive advantage is offering a product with distinct competency that is difficult to copy by competitors. For Coke, their secret formula for the classic Coke had remained confidential and no competitor could copy or closely resemble the distinct taste that made Coke number 1. For Butler, the design strategy that would provide a consistency in Coke’s brand should apply the strategies as defender, prospector and analyzer, in creating a unified design for the global market. Butler’s evaluation of the 450 brands should streamline, delete, replace and maintain only those that are clearly identifiable to Coke. A unified and consistent brand would actually minimize costs and thereby maximize revenues that would further increase Coke’s financial performance and success. The competitive strategies have been successful for Coke due to their ability to implement different strategies as deemed appropriate for the

The IndoCaribbean Women's Experience of Indenture Essay

The IndoCaribbean Women's Experience of Indenture - Essay Example The few who dared to revolt or oppose inevitably faced the consequences of their actions. They were ridiculed, humiliated, subjected to the whims of their British masters, at times sexually exploited, and put back in their places for it was not a criminal act in the eyes of the law for the British nationals to exploit their workers. Society then was not as liberal as it is today. It was considered all right by the authorities to kill people at the slightest provocation. Indian women were killed and there was not much enquiry into the incident if it was felt that she had died as the result of her husband's suspicion about her character. Between 1838 and 1917 during the indenture period, Indians lived in poor sanitary conditions. They had to do everything as expected of them. Indian women were not allowed maternity benefits during pregnancy. Women worked carrying their babies in the field until they could leave their babies home under the care of an older child (Janet A. Naidu). The position of the Indian woman in the Caribbean has perceptibly changed now. But the change can hardly be expected to be on the lines of a person living in a free country. It is over ninety years now since the indenture discontinued in 1917. However, social and cultural knots continue to fetter the Indian woman living in the Caribbean. There were few Brahmins in the Caribbe... However, social and cultural knots continue to fetter the Indian woman living in the Caribbean. There were few Brahmins in the Caribbean during the indenture period. They were sought for on religious and auspicious occasions. Indians mostly comprised the agricultural caste or low caste. Since the number of Indian women was few, it became difficult for the Brahmins to seek girls from higher castes making them vulnerable to marry girls from the lower echelons. Transformation of gender relations The Indian women living in the Caribbean can now thank their stars that they did not see the persecutions of their counterparts early in the 20th century or during the greater period of the 19th century. I deliberately use the term 'persecution' because that is what she must have felt in an alien land. The male female ratio did not cross the halfway mark in favor of the male since the time the first Indian landed in the Caribbean. The best that happened was 50 females for every 100 males at that time. This was in 1860. The figure slipped back to 41 females for every 100 males in 1890. The Indian male fared no better with his British master because the working and attitudinal conditions forced on them by the colonizers were slavery and demeaning. The Indians came to work on a 5-year contract as 'indentured laborers'. Up to 1862, they were provided with free travel back home after the completion of the 5-year period. From 1862, they had to pay their own way to the Caribbean or else work 10-years to get a free trip back home (Janet A. Naidu). The Indians contributed significantly to the economy of the Caribbean. Their population although as minority was quite significant. However, they did not enjoy commensurate representation in

Brand mangament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brand mangament - Essay Example Latigo-S produced by Company XYZ is a dietary supplement that helps cleanse and detoxify the body from the adverse impact of internal parasites in the human body. Company XYZ does not want to compete with other renowned companies trying to promote dietary supplements even though the product it is promoting belongs to the same category. The reason is that Latigo-S is a product that is labelled dietary supplement, but unlike any other products of the same category, its main function is not to directly boost the immune system but to kill internal parasites of the human body. Company XYZ continuously conducts significant market trials for their product offering as they continue with their research strategy for ensuring a sustainable market for Latigo-S. Currently, the company is busy innovating possibility on how they could create a remarkable market for their products and they are now on the go disseminating the real knowledge concerning human internal parasites. Unlike any other compan ies that promote dietary supplements and educate people concerning pollutants and human nutrition, Company ZYZ together with its Latigo-S is trying to initiate educational campaign on the truth behind human internal parasites and their probable impacts on the human health. ... While contemplating on the most essential factors that could affect the human health, Company XYZ finally embraced the fact that the human health is affected by pollutants and parasites (Spooner, 2012, p.239). It was upon the realization of this point that the company started to produce deworming products, until it came up with its very latest breakthrough, the Latigo-S. Company XYZ seeks to offer optimum health to its target customers by providing dietary supplements that could help enhance the human immune system, as its original approach. However, knowing the fact that there are other various opportunities in the same market and other relevant needs to address, the company eventually is now focusing on mass production of Latigo-S, together with its aggressive promotional strategies. This is a vital form of extending Company XYZ’s brand expertise together with the identification of brand values or position (Keller, 2003). Brand Latigo-S is a deworming product but its general label belongs to dietary supplement. Although various studies were already conducted concerning on the effectiveness of this product, Latigo-S remains to be a product labelled with â€Å"no approved therapeutic claims.† Major clients and customers who were convinced about the general therapeutic capacity of this product are continuously bringing in the word of mouth in the market, creating a positive response among other prospective customers and eventually high earning opportunity. Latigo-S is one of a kind in the market and a pioneering brand for deworming products that is labelled non-synthetic, but as a dietary supplement made of natural finest ingredients. Introduction to brand and designing a branding strategy Latigo-S as a dietary supplement is unlike any other product offerings

Mapping the Future Essay -- Cartography Technology Computers Essays

Mapping the Future Technology and computers have revolutionized many of the aspects of our lives. Many professions and businesses have used technology to their advantage and completely changed industries. One profession that has drastically changed because of computers and technology is cartography or mapmaking. The impact of technology on geographic information and mapmaking has led to new techniques and skills for these now computer-based jobs and careers. New technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) have emerged in mapmaking. There are also new Internet-based map services including MapQuest and MapBlast as well as other digital maps. Before analyzing the effects that technology has on mapmaking, it is important to understand some of the history of maps. Hundreds of years ago, maps were drawn by hand and much of the work had to be done manually. In ancient Greece , philosophers came up with the idea of â€Å"geography† and that was where the foundations of maps were created. Information about geography is very crucial in designing a map and at this time methods of mapmaking were very primitive. Over a thousand years ago, China navigated its surrounding waters and was able to create the most accurate maps at the time (Knox 12). Exploration was on the rise in the 1500s because of Europeans’ discovery of America and maps were needed by these empires. In the next few centuries, mapmaking became more accurate because of the ever-expanding knowledge of information about geography. As the methods of mapmaking improved during the years prior to the 20th century, advancements were made in cartography in terms of measurem... ...duced and more common because the ability to produce them has become easier. Computers and technology have definitely had significant, positive effects on mapmaking and cartography. Works Cited Knox, P. L. & Marston, S. A. Places and Regions in Global Context: Human Geography. Upper Saddle River , NJ : Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. Chrisman, Nicholas Exploring Geographic Information Systems. New York , NY : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002 Hafner, Katie. Adventures in Driving, Via Web Map. The New York Times. C-1 Jan. 16, 2003 . Davis, Bruce GIS: A Visual Approach. Florence , KY : Onword Press, 2001. DiBiase, David. â€Å"Understanding Geographic Data.† ESRI Virtual Campus Retrieved: 10 Apr 2003 . Kaplan, Elliott. Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications. Norwood , MA : Artech House, 1996. Mapping the Future Essay -- Cartography Technology Computers Essays Mapping the Future Technology and computers have revolutionized many of the aspects of our lives. Many professions and businesses have used technology to their advantage and completely changed industries. One profession that has drastically changed because of computers and technology is cartography or mapmaking. The impact of technology on geographic information and mapmaking has led to new techniques and skills for these now computer-based jobs and careers. New technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) have emerged in mapmaking. There are also new Internet-based map services including MapQuest and MapBlast as well as other digital maps. Before analyzing the effects that technology has on mapmaking, it is important to understand some of the history of maps. Hundreds of years ago, maps were drawn by hand and much of the work had to be done manually. In ancient Greece , philosophers came up with the idea of â€Å"geography† and that was where the foundations of maps were created. Information about geography is very crucial in designing a map and at this time methods of mapmaking were very primitive. Over a thousand years ago, China navigated its surrounding waters and was able to create the most accurate maps at the time (Knox 12). Exploration was on the rise in the 1500s because of Europeans’ discovery of America and maps were needed by these empires. In the next few centuries, mapmaking became more accurate because of the ever-expanding knowledge of information about geography. As the methods of mapmaking improved during the years prior to the 20th century, advancements were made in cartography in terms of measurem... ...duced and more common because the ability to produce them has become easier. Computers and technology have definitely had significant, positive effects on mapmaking and cartography. Works Cited Knox, P. L. & Marston, S. A. Places and Regions in Global Context: Human Geography. Upper Saddle River , NJ : Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. Chrisman, Nicholas Exploring Geographic Information Systems. New York , NY : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002 Hafner, Katie. Adventures in Driving, Via Web Map. The New York Times. C-1 Jan. 16, 2003 . Davis, Bruce GIS: A Visual Approach. Florence , KY : Onword Press, 2001. DiBiase, David. â€Å"Understanding Geographic Data.† ESRI Virtual Campus Retrieved: 10 Apr 2003 . Kaplan, Elliott. Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications. Norwood , MA : Artech House, 1996.